Medicolegal Aspects during Mass Casualty Due to Road Traffic Accidents in the Era of Covid: A Tertiary Care Institutional Experience

Background: In March 2020, the world health organization declared COVID-19 a world wide pandemic. Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. The effect of mandated societal lockdown to reduce the transmission of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on road traffic accidents is not known. For this we performed an in-depth analysis singdata of emergency and trauma centre UPUMS, Saifai. As most of the manpower was involved in managing Covid patients directly or indirectly, it was a challenge to manage these mass casualty patients who require intensive care as well as Medicolegal documentation, record keeping, Consent for life saving procedures in absence of Relatives. Material(s) and Method(s): We reviewed data on total 2876 road traffic accident records in UPUMS, Saifai from January 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020. We treated March 20th as the first day of mandated societal lock down and 1st July as the first day of re-opening. Result(s): We have found that the reis increase in road traffic accidents resulting in serious or fatal injuries during lockdown and post-lockdown period. There was increased Medicolegal burden in spite of the decreased medical resources, manpower as most of manpower and resources were being utilized for covid patients. Conclusion(s): Road traffic accidents are a prominent contributor to hospitalization and may negatively impact the existing hospital resources directed towards COVID-19.Copyright © 2023, World Informations Syndicate. All rights reserved.

Healthcare Seeking Behaviour of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients During Second Wave in Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India

Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its deadly reign all over the world. Devising effective strategies for detecting and controlling the infection has become ever more critical. Effective prevention and control of the pandemic is entirely dependent on human behavior in terms of practicing preventive and curative measures. During the second wave of COVID-19, people's perceptions of preventive and curative measures changed.Objective: To study healthcare-seeking behavior of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: Hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 in the month of March, April and May of 2021 were included in the study. Their attendants/close relatives were contacted telephonically to know about the admitted patients' healthcare-seeking behavior. Verbal consent was taken from attendants before the commencement of the interview, followed by informing them about the purpose of the interview.Results: Amongst the subjects, there were more males than females (67.5 vs 32.4%), age ranged between 18 to 88 with a mean value of 56.61 +/- 14.7 years. Self-medication was significantly associated with study subjects' mortality (p=0.03).Conclusion: Elderly people were having higher mortality rate than their younger counterparts. People were hesitant to visit primary care physicians after having symptoms of COVID-19.

Exploring the Changing Dimensions of Entrepreneurship among Women of Saudi Arabia during COVID-19

PURPOSE: This study explores the devastating effects of COVID-19 on Saudi female entrepreneurs (SFEs) by focusing on financial and family challenges. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study utilises a qualitative method using interviews to obtain a clear and in-depth understanding of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), operating in business premises away from the female entrepreneurs' homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The transcripts obtained from questionnaires and interviews with 35 SFEs were analysed using NVivo software. FINDINGS: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected the personal and professional lives of Saudi women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs have implemented strategies to adapt to changing business dimensions and keep their businesses and personal lives afloat. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research suggests several ways in which the strategies Saudi Arab women entrepreneurs have adopted can help business enterprises to deal with short-term business problems and the long-term outcomes of COVID-19. © 2022 by all the authors of the article above. and World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD).

Cinchona Exhibits Candidates as a Complementary Antiviral Activity for Sars-Cov-2: A Narrative Review

Aim and Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, is the world's most serious health issue. COVID-19 is currently without a precise and successful antiviral treatment. Phytochemicals provide a ray of hope for public well-being amid the pandemic, and much study is being done on them. Material(s) and Method(s): Cinchona bark contains phytochemicals that have been used as antiviral agents against various viruses because they can suppress various viruses via various mechanisms of direct inhibition at the viral entry point and replication stages via immunomodulation potentials. Cinchona bark and its components have also been shown to have promising antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to recent data. This narrative analysis summarizes cinchona phytochemical agents, their mechanisms of action, and possible antiviral behaviours against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Results and Discussion: Medicinal plants and their extracts and herbs have shown positive results in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and could help treat COVID-19 patients as alternatives to care under phytotherapy approaches during this disastrous pandemic scenario. Conclusion(s): Finally, we presented the advantages and disadvantages of using cinchona herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as some observations and suggestions.Copyright All © 2023 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Technology and HealthCare in the Coming Era

The fast-emerging technologies in this century fueled by covid19 crises has taught every stakeholder (technology giants, pharmacists, hospitals, patients etc.) a great lesson. Hospital with good healthcare system will have some of these technologies while there are least developed countries with no infrastructure and no technology. Using technology in healthcare will change the working of existing healthcare system to brighter one. This paper will portray different technology trends like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Block chain, Robotic Surgery, Smart devices, telemedicine and so on. The promises and the obstacles with impact of the technology are discussed too. © 2022 IEEE.

Mass Casualty Management due to Road Traffic Accidents in this Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tertiary Care Institutional Experience

Background: In March 2020, the world health organization declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. The effect of mandated societal lockdown to reduce the transmission of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on road traffic accidents is not known. For this we performed an in-depth analysis using data of emergency and trauma centre UPUMS, Saifai Materials and Methods: We reviewed data on total 2876 road traffic accident records in UPUMS, Saifai from January 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020. We treated March 20th as the first day of mandated societal lockdown and 1st July as the first day of re-opening Results: We have found that there is increase in road traffic accidents resulting in serious or fatal injuries during lockdown and post-lockdown period. Conclusion: Road traffic accidents are a prominent contributor to hospitalization and may negatively impact the existing hospital resources directed towards COVID-19. © 2023 DMICS.

An effective classification of Skin Disease using Deep Learning Techniques

According to WHO, Skin Infection is very common but sometimes very serious and affects a large no population all over the world. Monkeypox, Chickenpox, and Measles are the major infectious disease that causes skin infection all over the world. It has been obverse that the cases of Monkeypox have drastically increased as an effect of Covid 19. This infection has spread easily and exponentially that cause serious health issues in many underdeveloped and developing countries. Some time it has been observed that people are not able to properly classify the type of skin infection well in time, which can be a main reason of serious health issues. So, it became important to propose an effective classification of Skin Disease. In this paper the authors have proposed an effective classification of Skin Disease using Deep Learning Techniques. This approach will help in classification of chicken pox, measles, and monkeypox through skin images. The authors have utilized Monkeypox Skin Images Dataset (MSID) dataset to apply the proposed approach. The Loss, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, AUC, and F1 Score parameters have been used to analyze the performance of proposed approaches. The best algorithms with maximum accuracy and other parameters are Xception, EfficientNetV2L, and EfficientNetV2M, and CNN, VGG16, and VGG19 are the least favored algorithms for this research. © 2023 IEEE.

COVID-19 Patient Recovery Prediction Using Efficient Logistic Regression Model

This research develops a COVID-19 patient recovery prediction model using machine learning. A publicly available data of infected patients is taken and pre-processed to prepare 450 patients' data for building a prediction model with 20.27% recovered cases and 79.73% not recovered/dead cases. An efficient logistic regression (ELR) model is built using the stacking of random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) classifiers. Further, the proposed model is compared with state-of-art models such as logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (C5.0), and random forest (RF). All the models are evaluated with different metrics and statistical tests. The results show that the proposed ELR model is good in predicting not recovered/dead cases and handling imbalanced data. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Utilizing Zebrafish Animal Model as a Helping Hand for COVID-19 Infection

Background: The Zebrafish animal model has the potential use to study COVID19 infection in-depth due to its genetic similarity with humans. It has antiviral property. As we know, SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, which has a high genetic mutation rate, therefore difficult to understand its structure. It is a great way to understand the genetic dynamics of Zebrafish, which is related to orthologous human genes. Objective(s): The study aims to validate the possible role of the Zebrafish animal model in the COVID19 diagnosis. Method(s): We have reviewed a lot of literature towards the Zebrafish model and tried to explore the possible connection in the diagnosis of COVID19. Result(s): We observed a very close bridge between the Zebrafish model and COVID19 towards possible drug discovery diagnosis. Conclusion(s): This research will be helpful to unlock the mechanism clues, finding new therapeutic tar-gets, and understanding adaptability to host.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

Transformation in Health Sector During Pandemic by Photonics Devices

The scientific and technical sectors saw the necessity for innovative solutions as the effects of COVID-19 on society became clear. More basic research endeavors with long-term and significant effects have focused on the creation of novel diagnostics and the acceleration of vaccines. Researchers from many walks of life got together to tackle this problem in a truly global effort. In the medium term, efforts have focused on repurposing current technologies and utilizing additive manufacturing techniques to overcome shortages in safety equipment and disinfection. The development of innovative diagnostics and the acceleration of vaccines have been the focus of more basic research initiatives with an impact in the middle and lengthy. As a vital technology, photonics has supported all efforts, both directly and indirectly, to combat this type of pandemic. This viewpoint will provide an outline of the crucial part the photonics society played in the COVID-19 pandemic and talk about how the photonics society could assist in preventing future pandemic viruses. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning Techniques

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge decline in money usage, with everything turning online these days. It has contributed to an increase in contactless payments that was unimaginable before. A credit card is the most extensively used method of payment, and it is becoming increasingly digital as the number of daily electronic transactions increases, making it more vulnerable to fraud. Credit card firms have suffered losses because of widespread card fraud. The most common worry is the recognition of credit card fraud. As a result, organizations are looking toward advanced device understanding technologies since they can handle a lot of data and spot irregularities that humans would miss. The development of effective To stop these losses, fraud detection algorithms are essential. An increasing number of these algorithms rely on cutting-edge computer methods that can assist fraud investigators. However, the appearance of the full-proof Fraud Detection System demands the use of high performing algorithms that are both exact and sturdy enough to handle massive amounts of data. The algorithm is run using open-source software using R statistical programming. This project tries to provide options by studying several fraud detection systems and highlighting their strengths and limitations. © 2022 IEEE.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Children Visiting a Tertiary Hospital in Himachal Pradesh, India

Introduction: Research on Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) seroprevalence in children and adolescent population across the globe is quite limited. In India, there is a dearth of data on COVID-19 seropositivity, especially in unvaccinated paediatric population, particularly in the Himalayan region. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in children presenting in a tertiary care health institution. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted on 500 children, from October 2021 to March 2022 in paediatric age group, attending Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, for various health related concerns such as fever, cough, loose stools, vomiting and fast breathing using convenience sampling. Socio-demographic profile was recorded and blood sample was drawn for COVID-19 antibody titre estimation. Chi-squared and Fisher's-exact tests for proportions was used for testing statistical significance. Results: A total of 500 children, age ranged from 12 hours to 17 years 7 months were enrolled with maximum children belonging to 01-05 years age group and there was slight male preponderance. Seropositivity in males (27.3%) was significantly higher than females (8.3%). Highest (42.3%) seropositivity was seen in age group of 06 months to 01 year. About 10.8% of cases were positive for Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody, 4.4% were positive for IgM antibody, while about 6.6% cases were positive for both antibodies. Conclusion: The seroprevalence status of children and adolescents is quite low in this region, revealing the high susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 in the study region. It further emphasises benefits of serological testing in children for SARS-CoV-2 as well as the need of safe and effective vaccination for the unimmunised, unprotected and vulnerable paediatric age group.

Is Multi System Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Covid (Mis-C) Same as Sepsis Associated Secondary Hlh?

Purpose: COVID 19 infection in children is generally mild,however some of them develop an unique immunological phenomenon called MIS-C(multi-system inflammatory syndrome, which is a hyperimmune state resulting in vasculitis,mycarditis and end organ damage.We compared immune status of MIS-C with another viral infection triggered hyperinflammtory state;sepsis hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis (SHLH) to understand the pathogenses of this novel clinical syndrome Methods: We included patients with MIS-C, SHLH and viral sepsis(S) Blood samples were collected after written informed consent, utilizing protocols approved by our institution. We evaluated differential leukocyte counts, soluble markers of T cell and macrophage activation (sIL-2R, sCD163 and Ferritin) in plasma and did immunophenotyping of T cells and monocytes on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells Results: Total of 62 children (MIS-C 27, Sepsis 27 &SHLH 8) were included with age ranging from 1 to 16 years. Total leukocyte counts did not differ across the groups. MISC had higher neutrophil counts as compared to SHLH and sepsis.(Median cu/mm : MIS-C -10062 SHLH-4434, S- 3138). Monocyte(M)and lymphocyte (L)numbers were comparable with SHLH but lesser than sepsis(Median M/L cummMISC- 390/1488, SHLH-252/1565, S-795/2841). Plasma levels of sIL-2R in MIS-C and SHLH were similarly elevated as opposed to sepsis(Median pg/ml MIS-C- 17824, SHLH- 25702, S - 3653). sCD163 levels was elevated highest in SHLH, followed by MIS-C and Sepsis (Median ng/ml SHLH- 2.18, MIS-C 0-96,S- 0.25). Similar trend was seen in proportions of activated T cells (HLADR+CD38+) across the groups (Median % SHLH 32.5, MIS-C- 4.31, S 1.14). Median CD4:CD8 in MIS-C (2.5) is comparable to sepsis (1.2) but significantly higher than SHLH (0.75) There was no difference inmonocyte activation Conclusion(s):MIS-C is a hyperimmune state but the immune profile has features overlapping with SHLH and sepsis. It is a different hyperimmune syndrome as compared to SHLH and needs more mechanistic studies.

Telemedicine system for animal using low bandwidth cellular communication post COVID-19

The Republic of India is a densely populated country where quality medical treatment facilities are not easily available in rural areas. If it is about animal health, the ratio of the number of animals per Vet is very high, and the Vet can’t go to every sick animal. In a few cases the owner has to transport the house animal to the Vet if he is living far from big cities. Most of the countries in South Asia have a similar situation where animal husbandry is one of the main sources of earning bread and also to use them in farming. If there is no experienced doctor in a remotely located place to cure the disease at an early stage, the life of an animal is in danger. During different situations, as well as due to the COVID-19 spread, it is not possible to take the animal to the hospital. Here, we are discussing a cellular communication-based monitoring system that can be used to monitor the health of animals remotely and can help in saving the animal life via the consultation with an experienced Vet to detect diseases early. The developed system works on java-enabled mobile phones on the client-server model. The Vet can access this system on his PDA or desktop using a web application. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Recent Updates on Neoteric Variants of CoVid-19 Virus and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Vaccines against the Variants

The coronavirus 2 illness (Covid-19) global pandemic has resulted in severe infection causing fever, cough, shortness of breath, pneumonia and even death. WHo is monitoring intimately in coordination with scientific experts and government agencies, the transmission rate of this virus and its neoteric variants identified worldwide. Since the start of year 2020, all the health authorities of each country are working in collaboration to explore the scientific information on coronavirus and providing essential guidelines to save humans. Undoubtedly, this pandemic impacted many lives regardless of all preventive steps followed to minimize its transmission. Currently, multiple anti Covid-19 vaccines are available everywhere and government authorities are monitoring and providing the guidelines for taking booster dose of vaccine to minimize and control the transmission of different variants of this virus. it is rational to state that some of the available anti Covid-19 vaccines may not be highly efficient against new emerging variants so further investigation and research are the need of hour. Therefore, the present review portrayed the features of the novel variants and mutations of coronavirus 2 (Covid-19) and therapeutic updates associated with the effectiveness of different vaccines against new strains reported worldwide. Copyright © 2022 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Rehabilitation of Patients Post COVID-19

Coronavirus has emerged as a pandemic that leads to acute phase symptoms followed by a sequalae of events. Patients infected with this virus who are discharged from the hospital should undergo outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation as well as rehabilitation for the psychological symptoms encountered by them. The purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation is to reduce symptoms of shortness of breath, avoid complications, as well as improve cardiopulmonary performance. Infection with the coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) necessitates rehabilitation as many people who have suffered from this disease may be at a risk of long-term impairment and disability. The main concern of researchers studying about the disease is to find the correct time as to when start the rehabilitation programs. Some researchers are of the view that it should be initiated as soon as during the active stage of the disease while others are of the opinion that it should be given the patient becomes COVID negative or has recovered. We undertook a study of the most current papers due to the paucity of English-language recommendations on the rehabilitation of these individuals. In this literature review, we included randomized control trials, proposals, which were conducted using the major research database. Because of the complexities of the disease and fast spread of the SARS coronavirus, which leads to fast occupancy of critical care unit beds, patients with COVID-19 who have moderate indicators of the disease should be discharged as early as feasible. For these reasons, rehabilitation programs for these patients are required to assist them regain bodily, pulmonary features while also reducing depression and sadness, mainly in patients with multiple disease and those who live alone or in remote areas, in order to reclaim a high quality of life.

Rapid antigen test for COVID-19: A useful weapon in the arsenal of public health

Rapid antigen test has a very important value as one of tools to address the Covid pandemic. Though this test is not as accurate as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. As viral antigen appears before antibody formation in infected person. It is a specific marker of virus. Therefore, for detection of this highly infectious disease at an early stage, viral antigen testing can be a useful strategy in scenario of community transmission to prevent further spread. In India an advisory was issued by ICMR (on 14th June 2020) regarding usage of RAT for quick detection of COVID-19 positive patients. During second wave, Rapid antigen testing was advised only in symptomatic individuals and immediate contacts of laboratory confirmed positive cases. Though no test is perfect when it comes to the attributes of accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and timeliness of results. However, Rapid antigen test can be used as a useful test in public health that can benefit the larger population in breaking the chain of transmission if used wisely in different settings and according to the timeline of symptoms. © Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 2022.

Building provincial capacity for sustainable agricultural mechanisation in Nepal

This project was originally envisaged as an 18-month development-oriented project based in Provinces 1 and 2 of the Nepal Terai. It aimed to build solidarity and teamwork around the drive for agri-mechanisation in each of these two provincial governments. Unfortunately, the short time frame paired with intensive efforts to establish new relationships and then the onset of COVID-19 meant that there was limited scope to deeply develop these new relationships and fully build the envisaged roadmap process and plans. Regardless of this, the project has made some essential steps in improving provincial agri-mechanisation planning and implementation, including: (1) substantial capacity developed though placement of engineering experts within the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), the Ministries of Agriculture, Land Management and Cooperatives (MoLMAC), various cooperatives and agricultural knowledge centres;(2) new and deepened relationships with and between key stakeholders, and particularly between NARC and provincial government, as well as with and between various cooperatives;(3) development of the first quantification of the status of agri-mechanisation on the Nepal Terai - indicating that there is high potential for rapid mechanisation if some key constraints are addressed;(4) publication of the learnings for a review of mechanisation in India and Bangladesh, and what that means for Nepal's agri-mechanisation planning;(5) regional learnings and new collaborations with various stakeholders in Nepal and West Bengal;(6) a national symposium on agri-mechanisation on the Nepal Terai, with a large number of supported individuals attending and learning from the national Agrimechanisation Fair;(7) development of a "roadmap" process that can be used more widely with additional further development;and (8) technical guidance and relationship building to improve the scaling of government supported custom hire centres in Province 1.